Oniwaban

In the early 18th century, shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune founded the oniwaban, an intelligence agency and secret service. Members of this office, the oniwabanshū ("garden keeper"), were agents involved in collecting information on daimyos and government officials.^[42] The secretive nature of the oniwaban — along with the earlier tradition of using Iga and Kōga clan members as palace guards — have led some sources to define the oniwabanshū as "ninjas".^[43] This portrayal is also common in later novels and jidaigeki. However, there is no written link between the earlier shinobi and the later oniwabanshū.